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http://cuse.greater.jp/project/ ja 60 Chicappa! Blog http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=92 Wed, 18 Jul 2012 16:17:32 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=92 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=91 Thu, 12 Jul 2012 11:30:55 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=91 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=90 Asymmetric local government consolidations with heterogeneous local public goods Authors: Akiyoshi Furukawa Abstract: This paper analyzes the consolidation of a city and village. Inhabitants of a village benefit from the city without bearing the city's tax burden. Therefore, a village is likely to oppose municipal consolidation because they want a free ride. Conversely, a city favors consolidation because a village shares the cost of services provided by the city after consolidation. This paper analyzes that merger. From the social welfare point of view, it analyzes whether or not consolidation is desirable. The result depends on the commuting cost between districts. On the one hand, when the commuting cost is very high, consolidation is socially undesirable and is not realized. On the other, when that cost is very low, consolidation is socially desirable and is realized. Moreover, there exists a range of commuting costs within which a village opposes consolidation that is socially desirable. That range increases as the fixed cost of public goods in the city increases, while the population in the village decreases, and the city population increases. In that case, the national government should encourage consolidation via a redistribution policy. JEL classification: D71, H41, H73, R53 Keywords: Consolidation; Local public goods; Asymmetric district ]]> Fri, 08 Jun 2012 10:08:57 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=90 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=89 Thu, 07 Jun 2012 13:21:52 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=89 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=88 Thu, 07 Jun 2012 13:16:26 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=88 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=87 Effects of Public Pensions on Residential Choice and Welfare in the Family Authors: Kimiyoshi Kamada,and Takashi Sato Abstract: We examine the effects of public pensions on the residential choice of a child, who is altruistic, and provides aged parents with attention as well as financial support in two ways: income transfers and contribution to family public goods. We find that, even if the child lives with parents in the same home under a certain level of public pensions, the child eventually chooses to move away from the parents as the level of public pension rises. When the child moves, both the parents’ and child’s welfare may decrease. Nevertheless, the optimal level of public pensions is positive under reasonable parameter values in the social welfare function. JEL: H41, H55, J10]]> Wed, 25 Apr 2012 14:09:26 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=87 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=86 Thu, 12 Apr 2012 11:20:15 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=86 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=85 Thu, 12 Apr 2012 11:18:19 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=85 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=84 Mon, 09 Apr 2012 14:46:18 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=84 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=83 ベバリッジ・カーブによる地域間ミスマッチの動向 Authors: 風神佐知子 Abstract: 90年代の失業率上昇以降、労働需給のミスマッチは常に人々の高い関心を集めている。本稿では、ミスマッチの中でも地域間ミスマッチに注目する。地域間ミスマッチの解消を妨げる要因の一つとして住宅コストが挙げられるが、大都市では2005、6年頃から家賃の物価は相対的に低くなっている。他方で、2011年には東日本で大地震があり、就業場所の移動を余儀なくされた人々も多い。 日本では、地域別の労働需給のマッチング効率についての研究は存在しても、地域間ミスマッチの大きさを分析した研究は少ない。数少ない先行研究では、全体の求人数に占めるある地域の求人数の割合と全体の求職者数に占めるある地域の求職者数の割合の差をミスマッチ指標として、これを用いて分析されている。本稿では、ベバリッジ・カーブのシフト幅を用いて分析し、さらに、日本の先行研究ではこれまで算出されていない、全体のミスマッチに対する地域間ミスマッチの寄与度を算出する。また、データの制約はあるが、ある地域で災害が起きると地域間ミスマッチは増加するのかについても考察する。 1983～2010年の労働力調査、職業業務安定統計、労働市場年報を用いて分析した。1990年以降では、2007、8年まで地域間ミスマッチは緩やかに上昇し、その後2009、10年にかけて下落していた。2002~2004年の景気回復期以降は、比較分析した年齢間ミスマッチや職業間ミスマッチで上昇幅が大きくなっていた。しかしながら、寄与度をみてみると、1994～1996年の景気回復期以降、ほぼ一貫して地域間ミスマッチは増加傾向にあった。また毎月勤労統計の地方版、一般職業紹介の求人数、厚生労働省の各県労働局のHP のデータを用いて、2011年の震災前後で月別に地域間ミスマッチを推計すると、2010年のピーク時のミスマッチに対し、2011年のピーク時のミスマッチは約2.79倍に上昇していた。]]> Wed, 15 Feb 2012 16:30:56 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=83 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=82 Difference Effects of Trade by Type of Employment, Gender, Age and Education: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data in Japan Authors: Sachiko KAZEKAMI,and Masahiro ENDOH Abstract: The effect of imports and exports has long been a topic of special interest to economists in the modern era of expanding globalization, but few studies have examined the effects on the worker by characteristics. This paper studies the effect of imports and exports by worker groups, evaluating diverse types of employment positions, which was not done in previous research. We match employer-employee data from the Basic Survey on Wage Structure and the Basic Survey of Japanese Business Structure and Activities from 1998 to 2008, and estimate the elasticities of labor demand. Our results indicate that trade increases the demand for well-educated workers for an indefinite period, but imports increase the demand for such workers with a limited-term contract for females. We do not find a significant negative effect from the increase in imports from Asia. The effects are related to differences among types of employment, education levels and gender. ]]> Wed, 15 Feb 2012 16:26:00 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=82 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=81 Thu, 15 Dec 2011 15:38:25 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=81 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=80 An Endogenous Objective Function of a Partially Privatized Firm: A Nash Bargaining Approach Authors: Yoshio Kamijo, and Yoshihiro Tomaru Abstract: We establish a model where a partially privatized firm’s objective function is endogenously determined by considering Nash bargaining between the owners. JEL classification: L13; L33; C78. Keywords: Mixed duopoly; Partial privatization; Bargaining; Nash solution.]]> Thu, 01 Dec 2011 16:17:20 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=80 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=79 Globalization and Economic Welfare: The Presence of an Unfair Gap between Skilled Workers Authors: kenji Kondoh Abstract: By focusing on the unfair gap between skilled workers of uniform quality, where unionized older workers are employed permanently with higher wages, but younger workers fail to occupy permanent positions and are employed as uncertain temporary staff on lower wages, we investigate the effects of the two types of globalization caused by the increasing immigration of foreign unskilled workers and trade liberalization. Under certain conditions, the immigration of unskilled workers might expand the income gap between the two types of skilled workers, but it would have a positive effect on national welfare. Thus, with adequate income re-distribution policies by the government, immigration could be a welfare-improving policy. In contrast, although trade liberalization may reduce the wage gap between the two types of skilled workers, every worker may lose out, and the welfare-improving possibility of trade liberalization may be relatively small. We also suggest that every worker may gain from an increase in the legal minimum wage. JEL Classification Numbers: F16, F22, J61 Keywords: temporary staff, unionization, international migration, trade liberalization]]> Wed, 30 Nov 2011 14:27:58 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=79 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=78 State-owned Enterprises’ Techonogy and Trade Openness in a Developing Country Authors: Yoshihiro Tomaru Abstract: This paper studies how a tariff reduction influences the productive efficiency of a public firm competing against a private firm, by focusing on the public firm’s incentive to make costreducing R&D investment. It is shown that if a tariff reduction induces a foreign firm to enter into the domestic market wherein public monopoly prevails, the public firm’s productive efficiency deteriorates dramatically. However, subsequent trade liberalization steadily improves the efficiency. Furthermore, it is also shown that efficiency under trade liberalization can be higher than that under public monopoly, depending on the curvature of the public firm’s reaction curve and demand curve. JEL Classification: L13;L32;F13 Keywords: Cournot competition; Public Enterprises; R&D; Trade Liberalization; ]]> Thu, 24 Nov 2011 16:09:12 +0900 http://cuse.greater.jp/project/?eid=78